Swiss Specificities and International Comparison

Switzerland was long considered a laggard when compared to other welfare states. Based on its expenditures for social welfare purposes, it now ranks in the upper middle range. Among the peculiarities of the Swiss welfare state, one should note the importance of federalism and individual provision, the influence of private facilities and the low share of fiscal means used to finance social security.

The history of the Swiss welfare state is intertwined with international organizations committed to social policy. They exerted considerable influence on Switzerland, albeit often in an indirect and informal manner.

Swiss citizens are able to directly influence political affairs and call for a vote by means of initiatives and referenda. These direct democracy instruments have had a substantial effect on the emergence and development trajectory of the Swiss welfare state.

The Swiss welfare state is shaped strongly by federalism. On the one hand, this reduces the Confederation’s scope for action in social policy. On the other hand, it allows cantons and cities to become pioneers in developing the welfare state.