Topics

Cross-cutting topics shed light on aspects of the history of social security in Switzerland that span several periods and involve a range of actors and spheres of activity. This section explains and analyses basic terms and concepts, examines how federalism and direct democracy shape social security, explores the role of occupation status, gender and the intergenerational contract, and assesses how the Swiss welfare state compares internationally.

Core Concepts and Terms

Social protection systems are based on normative principles. The way in which society perceives and defines these systems has evolved over time and reflects different understandings of state responsibility and the organisation of social policy.
Swiss Specificities and International Comparison

The development of social security in Switzerland did not take place in isolation but was deeply connected to developments observed in other countries. International organisations had a significant influence on this cross-border exchange of social policy ideas. Federalism and direct democracy are defining features of the Swiss welfare state.
Society and Social Security

Societal conditions have had a decisive influence on the structure of social security. As the Swiss system is predominantly linked to gainful employment or the loss thereof, social protection varies considerably depending on a person's life circumstances and the group to which they belong.
Financing Models and Calculation Methods

The funding of social protection systems is closely tied to their political legitimacy and social acceptance. Since the early days of the Swiss welfare state, financial and actuarial considerations have always played a central role, whether it be in the creation of social insurance schemes or in the mathematical and statistical planning of individual social security programmes. They also inform long-running debates on the funding of the healthcare system and old-age provision.